Burning Plasma Simulation and Environmental Assessment of Tokamak, Spherical Tokamak and Helical Reactors

Reference 1-GWe D-T reactors; tokamak TR-1, spherical tokamak ST-1 and helical HR-1 reactors, are designed using PEC (Physics Engineering Cost) code, and thier plasma behaviors with Internal Transport Barrier (ITB) operations are analyzed using TOTAL (Toroidal Transport Analysis Linkage) code, which clarifies the requirement of deep penetration of pellet fueling to realize steady-state advanced burning operation. In addition, economical and environmental assessments were performed using extended PEC code, which shows the advantage of high beta tokamak reactors in COE and the advantage of compact spherical tokamak in lifetime CO2 emission reduction. Comparing with other electric power generation system, the cost of fusion reactor is higher than that of fission reactor, but on the same level of oil thermal power system. The CO2 reduction can be achieved in fusion reactors same as in the fission reactor. The EPR of high-beta tokamak reactor TR-1 could be higher than that of other systems including fission reactor. These systematic design and comparative simulation analyses on both tokamak and helical reactors can be done by the help of the above two codes.